News•February 26, 2016

U.S. Gasoline Use Slows With Uptick in Fuel Efficiency

Gas is cheap — about $1.73 on average nationwide today — and that means Americans are driving more miles than they did back before the recession when gasoline topped $4 per gallon.

Thanks to greater fuel efficiency, however, gasoline consumption is lower than it was at its peak in 2007, even though Americans are driving more than they did nine years ago, according to a report published this week by the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

U.S. gasoline consuption vs. vehicle miles traveled.
Credit: EIA

“There’s a tremendous run-up in fuel efficiency since 2007,” EIA analyst Michael Morris said. “You can have static gasoline consumption because of fuel efficiency.”

Average fuel efficiency for all cars nationwide — old and new — has increased about 1 percent in the past nine years, from about 21.25 miles per gallon for light-duty vehicles in 2007 to about 22.5 miles per gallon today, he said. Average fuel economy for new vehicles is about 33 miles per gallon.

Burning gasoline in cars and trucks is a major contributor to global warming, so less gasoline used in vehicles benefits the climate. Carbon dioxide emissions from vehicle tailpipes account for 27 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions — America’s second largest single source of those emissions, just behind electric power plants.

Americans drive a lot — about 8.9 million miles each day during the summer driving season last year, an increase of about 3.7 percent over the year before. Total miles driven last year were about 4 percent higher than in 2007. By 2017, we’re expected to be driving 7 percent more miles than we did in 2007.

But even as we drive more, growth in gasoline use is expected to flatten out. Gasoline consumption will likely be 0.6 percent below 2007 levels both this year and next year, EIA data show.

“The combination of an increasing share of the baby-boomer generation reaching retirement and continued increases in vehicle fuel economy is expected to limit growth in motor gasoline consumption,” the report says.

Carbon dioxide emissions from the U.S. transportation sector peaked in 2007 before bottoming out in 2013. They've been increasing slightly since then.
Credit: EIA

Increasing fuel efficiency and flattened gasoline consumption fits into the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s greenhouse gas emissions standards for light-duty vehicles, which are expected to reach about 54 miles per gallon by 2025, reducing cars’ and trucks’ greenhouse gas emissions by 6 billion metric tons over that time.

Beginning in 2017, carmakers are required to improve their new cars’ carbon dioxide emissions by 3.5 percent per year, and beginning in 2022, carmakers will have to improve their vehicles’ emissions by 5 percent each year.

Light-duty vehicles are just a part of the transportation sector, which, overall, has a long way to go to reduce emissions.

Carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels for transportation — that’s cars, big trucks, trains and airplanes — peaked in 2007 before the recession, falling to 126.7 million metric tons of carbon dioxide in Feb. 2013 from their monthly peak at 174.7 million tons in August 2007. They’ve been ticking up slightly since then, but still far below 2007 levels.